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Squadron Leader Frederick Joseph Rutland DSC and Bar, AM, (1886 – 1949) was a decorated British pilot in World War I who later worked for the Japanese. He was a pioneer of naval aviation. For his exploits in 1916, he earned the nickname "Rutland of Jutland". =="Rutland of Jutland"== (詳細はBoy seaman in 1901. He was graded as Flight Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in December 1914,〔London Gazette Issue 29102 published on the 16 March 1915. Page 10〕 awarded his aviator's certificate by the Royal Aero Club on 26 January 1915 after training at Eastchurch〔(Aviator's Certificates )''Flight'', 5 February 1915, p. 93〕 and promoted to Lieutenant on 7 January 1916.〔London Gazette Issue 29434 published on the 11 January 1916. Page 5〕 At Jutland he served as a pilot on the seaplane tender HMS ''Engadine''. On 30 May 1916, ''Engadine'' carried two Short Type 184 and two Sopwith Baby floatplanes and was attached to the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron. ''Engadine'' accompanied the cruisers when the Battlecruiser Fleet sortied from Rosyth that evening to intercept the German High Seas Fleet. Beatty ordered ''Engadine'' to make a search to the north-northeast. At 15:07 Lieutenant Rutland took off in his Type 184 and his observer, Assistant Paymaster G. S. Trewin, signalled ''Engadine'' that they had spotted three German cruisers and five destroyers at 15:30.〔("Aircraft In The Naval Battle" )''Flight'' 13 July 1916〕 This was the first time that a heavier-than-air aircraft had carried out a reconnaissance of an enemy fleet in action. After a few other spot reports were transmitted, the aircraft's fuel line ruptured around 15:36 and Rutland was forced to put his aircraft down. He was able to repair it and signalled that he was ready to take off again, but he was ordered to taxi to the carrier on the surface. The aircraft reached the ship at 15:47 and it was hoisted aboard by 16:04. ''Engadine'' attempted to relay the spot reports to Beatty's flagship and the flagship of the 5th Battle Squadron, but was unsuccessful.〔Layman 1990, pp. 96–98〕 Rutland was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross "for his gallantry and persistence in flying within close distance of the enemy light cruisers".〔London Gazette Issue 29751 published on the 15 September 1916. Page 4〕 He received a second award of the DSC in 1917 for "services on patrol duties and submarine searching in home waters".〔London Gazette Issue 30316 published on the 28 September 1917. Page 3〕 During the Battle of Jutland, the armoured cruiser HMS ''Warrior'' had been crippled by numerous hits by German battleships. At 19:45 ''Engadine'' attempted to take her in tow, but the jammed rudder prevented that until it was trained amidships. Early the following morning ''Warrior''s progressive flooding had worsened and she was sinking. The captain ordered his ship abandoned after ''Engadine'' came alongside to take the crew off at 08:00. About 675 officers and men successfully made it to the much smaller ''Engadine''. Among these were about 30 seriously wounded men who were transferred across in their stretchers; one man fell from his stretcher between the ships, but, against orders, Rutland dived overboard with a bowline to rescue him. For his bravery he was awarded the First Class Albert Medal for Lifesaving in gold.〔(London Gazette; Issue 29703 ) published on the 11 August 1916, Page 10; "His bravery is reported to have been magnificent"〕 Rutland's Short 184, aircraft number 8359, was presented to the Imperial War Museum in 1917, where it was damaged in a German air raid in 1940. The unrestored forward section of the fuselage is now an exhibit in the Fleet Air Arm Museum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Short 184 (8359) )〕 On 28 June 1917, Flight Commander Rutland took off in a Sopwith Pup from a flying-off platform mounted on the roof of one of the gun turrets of the light cruiser HMS ''Yarmouth'', the first such successful launch of an aircraft in history.〔Sturtivant, Ray, ''British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990'', Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 215.〕 He transferred to the Royal Air Force when it was formed in April 1918. He was appointed to command the RAF unit in HMS ''Eagle'' in September 1921. He resigned his commission in 1923.〔London Gazette Issue 32863 published on the 18 September 1923. Page 7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frederick Rutland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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